Preterm labor happens when a mother goes into labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, giving the baby time to grow and develop fully. When labor starts early, the baby may not be ready to live outside the womb. Preterm labor means the body begins contractions and cervical changes earlier than expected.
These early contractions can cause the cervix to open, starting the birth process. Premature birth poses risks for the baby, as organs like the lungs, brain, and heart may not be fully mature. Babies born early face challenges with breathing, feeding, and controlling body temperature. In some cases, they may have long-term developmental issues. Medical teams watch preterm labor closely to protect the health of both mother and baby.
Causes and Signs
Several factors can increase your risks. These include infections, previous preterm births, or carrying multiple babies. Other risk factors may include high blood pressure, diabetes, or lifestyle factors like smoking. Sometimes, the cause remains unknown, but doctors try to identify and address any risk factors.
Signs include regular contractions, pelvic pressure, backache, and increased vaginal discharge. Some women may experience spotting or bleeding, which could signal early labor. If any of these signs appear before 37 weeks, medical care is essential. Doctors may conduct tests to check if labor has started and monitor the baby’s health.
If preterm labor cannot be stopped, doctors prepare for the baby’s early arrival. In some cases, they give medications to speed up the baby’s lung development or to delay birth. Every extra day in the womb helps the baby grow stronger, increasing the chances of a healthier birth.
Managing Preterm Labor and Delivery
Doctors try to prevent preterm birth by managing the mother’s health and delaying labor when possible. Bed rest, hydration, and medications can sometimes help slow contractions. Some hospitals have specialized neonatal units to care for babies born early, supporting them with breathing assistance, feeding, and other needs.
In summary, preterm labor is when labor starts before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Early labor increases risks for the baby, but medical care can improve outcomes. Monitoring and prompt action can help manage preterm labor and give the baby the best chance for a healthy start.