Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, either partially or completely. The placenta is an organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the baby during pregnancy. Normally, the placenta attaches to the upper part of the uterus, away from the cervix. In cases of placenta previa, the placenta attaches lower, blocking the cervix.
This condition can cause complications during pregnancy and delivery. Since the cervix is the baby’s exit from the womb, a blocked cervix can make vaginal delivery difficult or impossible. As the pregnancy progresses and the uterus grows, the placenta may move higher. If the placenta doesn’t move by the time labor begins, doctors may recommend a cesarean section (C-section) to safely deliver the baby.
What Are the Symptoms and Risks of Placenta Previa?
The most common symptom is painless vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester. This bleeding can be light or heavy. Some women may not experience bleeding, but placenta previa is usually detected through an ultrasound.
Placenta previa poses risks for both the mother and baby. For the mother, there is a risk of severe bleeding, which may require a blood transfusion. For the baby, this condition increases the chance of preterm birth, which can lead to complications like breathing problems or low birth weight.
In addition, it can cause problems with the placenta itself. If the placenta detaches from the uterus too early, it can cut off the baby’s oxygen and nutrients, requiring an emergency C-section.
Doctors closely monitor pregnancies with placenta previa. They may recommend bed rest, avoiding heavy lifting, and reducing physical activity to prevent bleeding. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding or monitor the baby.
In summary, placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, leading to complications. The most common symptom is painless bleeding, and the condition requires careful monitoring. While it increases the need for a C-section, proper care ensures a safe delivery for both the mother and baby.