External cephalic version (ECV) is a medical procedure used to turn a baby into a head-down position before birth. When babies stay in a breech (feet-first) or transverse (sideways) position late in pregnancy, vaginal delivery can become difficult or risky. This can help reposition the baby, making head-first birth possible.
The procedure usually occurs around the 36th to 37th week of pregnancy. Doctors prefer this timing because the baby is fully developed but hasn’t grown too large to reposition easily. During ECV, doctors apply gentle but firm pressure on the mother’s belly. This pressure helps guide the baby into a head-down position, known as the cephalic position. Some mothers may feel uncomfortable during ECV, but the procedure doesn’t usually cause pain.
How External Cephalic Version (ECV) Works and Its Benefits
Doctors typically perform ECV in a hospital setting with ultrasound guidance. The ultrasound helps them see the baby’s exact position, allowing careful and accurate movements. Before the procedure, doctors may administer medication to relax the uterus, making the procedure easier and more comfortable. They also monitor the baby’s heart rate closely to ensure safety.
If successful, this procedure can help avoid the need for a cesarean section (C-section), allowing a more natural delivery process. Head-first positioning reduces delivery complications and may shorten labor time. ECV works about 50% of the time for first-time mothers and about 60% for mothers who have given birth before. Some factors, such as low amniotic fluid or tight abdominal muscles, can make it less successful.
If ECV doesn’t work, doctors may suggest another attempt or discuss delivery options. In some cases, they recommend a planned C-section to ensure safe delivery. Risks with ECV are low, but complications can include changes in the baby’s heart rate or rare cases of placenta damage.
In summary, ECV is a technique that helps turn babies into a head-down position before birth. This procedure increases the chance of a vaginal delivery by making it easier for the baby to navigate the birth canal. With careful monitoring, ECV can help many mothers avoid a C-section and have a safer delivery.