The cervix plays a vital role during pregnancy. It is a narrow, tube-like structure at the lower part of the uterus. It connects the uterus to the vagina, acting as a gateway between them. During pregnancy, the cervix has two main jobs: keeping the baby safely inside the uterus and preparing for childbirth.
In early pregnancy, the cervix is firm and tightly closed. This helps keep the baby inside and protects against infection. It also produces mucus to form a barrier, called the mucus plug, which further seals the uterus. As pregnancy progresses, doctors check it during prenatal visits to ensure everything is going well.
Around the time of birth, the cervix must undergo major changes. One of the first changes is “effacement.” Effacement refers to the thinning of the cervix, allowing it to prepare for dilation. It will need to open wide enough (usually about 10 centimeters) for the baby to pass through. This process is gradual and takes time, especially for first-time mothers.
Changes in the Cervix During Labor
As labor begins, the cervix softens and dilates. This is called “ripening.” Hormones like prostaglandins and oxytocin play key roles in these changes. Contractions also help push the baby down, adding pressure and helping it open further. Dilation and effacement are often measured by healthcare providers during labor to track progress.
A fully dilated cervix signals that the body is ready for delivery. At 10 centimeters, the baby can move from the uterus into the birth canal. Some women may experience cervical “tears” or small tears in the tissue, which can occur as the it stretches. These tears typically heal on their own or with minor medical assistance.
If the cervix does not dilate properly or labor stalls, doctors may offer medical interventions. They might use medications or perform procedures to assist with dilation. In rare cases, a C-section may be necessary. The cervix’s ability to change during pregnancy and labor ensures a smooth and safe delivery for both mother and baby.